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　　丝杠导轨：精密机械中常用传动部件

　　Screw guide rail: the most commonly used transmission component in precision machinery

　　滚珠丝杠是将旋转运动转换成线性运动的理想传动装置，主要由丝杠轴、螺母、滚珠以及循环部件组成；导轨副实现支撑和机械导向作用，主要由导轨和滑座组成。滚珠丝杠搭配导轨，是精密机械中常用的传动部件。

　　Ball screw is an ideal transmission device that converts rotational motion into linear motion, mainly composed of a screw shaft, nut, ball, and circulating components; The guide rail pair provides support and mechanical guidance, mainly composed of guide rails and sliding seats. Ball screws combined with guide rails are the most commonly used transmission components in precision machinery.

　　从市场空间来看，根据我们测算，2021年国内滚珠丝杠&补尘辫;导轨市场空间约128亿元。从下游来看，机床、机器人自动化&补尘辫;汽车为丝杠导轨主要应用下游，其中机床为丝杠导轨应用下游，且对精度要求。直线导轨凭借其较高的精度和稳定性，在机器人&补尘辫;自动化领域被广泛应用。新能源车也是丝杠导轨的重要下游，可用于新能源汽车的车辆转向系统、刹车系统、加速踏板等领域。

　　From the perspective of market space, according to our calculations, the domestic market space for ball screws and guide rails in 2021 is approximately 12.8 billion yuan. From a downstream perspective, machine tools, robot automation, and automobiles are the most important downstream applications of screw guides, with machine tools being the largest downstream application of screw guides and requiring the highest precision. Linear guides are widely used in the fields of robotics and automation due to their high precision and stability. New energy vehicles are also an important downstream of screw guides, which can be used in the fields of vehicle steering systems, braking systems, accelerator pedals, etc.

　　2  竞争格局：高端领域被外资垄断，国产厂商逐步向上渗透

　　2. Competition pattern: High end fields are monopolized by foreign capital, and domestic manufacturers are gradually penetrating upwards

　　从主流厂商来看，丝杠导轨市场分为两大阵营：1）非大陆厂商包括上银、银泰等：特点是成立时间早、经验积累丰富，产物定位高端精密丝杠市场；2）大陆厂商包括南京工艺、汉江机床（秦川子公司）等：特点是起步时间晚，公司规模小，产物主要为精度较低的丝杠导轨。

　　From the perspective of mainstream manufacturers, the lead screw guide rail market is divided into two camps: 1) non Chinese Mainland manufacturers, including Shangyin and Yintai, are characterized by early establishment, rich experience, and product positioning in the high-end precision lead screw market; 2) Manufacturers in Chinese Mainland include Nanjing Technology, Hanjiang Machine Tool (Qinchuan subsidiary), etc.: it is characterized by a late start, a small company, and its products are mainly screw guides with low accuracy.

　　从竞争格局来看，国内丝杠导轨市场基本被以日资、台资为代表的外企垄断，两者市占率合计达到65%，主要系国产和外资厂商的综合竞争力仍有差距，这种差距主要体现在产物初始性能、精度保持性和批量稳定生产能力等方面。具体分析差距的成因，主要系国内磨床水平较低和淬火等工艺经验积累不足。但在专项政策的扶持下，国产头部厂商例如南京工艺、汉江机床正加速进行产物迭代。

　　From the perspective of competitive landscape, the domestic screw and guide rail market is basically monopolized by foreign enterprises represented by Japanese and Taiwanese companies, with a combined market share of 65%. This is mainly due to the gap in comprehensive competitiveness between domestic and foreign manufacturers, which is mainly reflected in the initial performance, accuracy maintenance, and batch stable production capacity of products. The specific reasons for the gap are mainly due to the low level of domestic grinding machines and insufficient accumulation of experience in quenching and other processes. But with the support of national special policies, leading domestic manufacturers such as Nanjing Craft and Hanjiang Machine Tool are accelerating product iteration.

　　3  行星滚柱丝杠：人形机器人打开长期成长空间：

　　3 planetary roller screw: humanoid robot opens up long-term growth space:

　　行星滚柱丝杠结构与滚珠丝杠类似，只是传力元件由滚珠替换为螺旋滚柱，其在承载力、运动平稳性、转速及加速度等方面更具优势，被广泛应用于航空航天等高精密加工领域。国内行星滚柱丝杠行业起步较晚，国产厂商尚不具备规模化量产能力，目前市场主要被斯凯孚、舍弗勒等外资公司所占据。

　　The structure of planetary roller screw is similar to that of ball screw, except that the force transmission element is replaced by a spiral roller instead of a ball. It has advantages in load-bearing capacity, motion stability, speed and acceleration, and is widely used in high-precision machining fields such as aerospace. The domestic planetary roller screw industry started relatively late, and domestic manufacturers do not yet have the ability to mass produce on a large scale. Currently, the market is mainly occupied by foreign-funded enterprises such as SKF and Schaeffler.

　　特斯拉人形机器人的12个线性执行器采用独特的电机+反向式行星滚柱丝杠的方案，其优势在于能够自锁&补尘辫;提供更大的推力，但其难度在于体积小&补尘辫;螺母加工难度较高，目前国产厂商均在加紧研发过程中。根据我们测算，2035年人形机器人用行星滚柱丝杠市场空间可达930亿元，远期空间广阔，将打开滚珠丝杠长期市场空间。

　　The 12 linear actuators of Tesla's humanoid robot adopt a unique motor+reverse planetary roller screw scheme, which has the advantage of self-locking and providing greater thrust, but its difficulty lies in its small size and high nut processing difficulty. Currently, domestic manufacturers are accelerating their research and development process. According to our calculations, the market space for planetary roller screws used in humanoid robots is expected to reach 93 billion yuan by 2035, with vast long-term potential that will open up the long-term market space for ball screws.

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